Hepatic stellaque cells (HSCS) play an important role in the appearance of liver fibrosis, which can be treated by the inhibition and inversion of HSC activation. The silencer Gene TLR4 mediated by RNA could be a potential therapeutic approach for hepatic fibrosis. The crucial challenge of this method is the absence of an effective distribution system for the introduction of RNAI into the target cells. HSCS have an increased capacity of vitamin A because they contain retinoic acid receptors (rars).
In the current study, we have developed modified cationic liposomes with vitamin A to improve the specificity of delivery vehicles for HSCS. The result of this study revealed that cationic coupled VITA liposomes delivered the TLR4 lampshade to AHSCS more efficiently, compared to uncontrolled cationic liposomes, both in the conditions in vitro and in vivo. In addition, as evident from the result of this study, the TLR4 gene has inhibited HSCS activation and attenuates liver fibrosis via the inactivation of the transcription of the NF-KB, the secretion of the pro-inflammatory cytokines and The reactive synthesis of oxygen species (ROS).
Thus, VITA coupled liposomes encapsulated with the TLR4-SHRNA can be an effective therapeutic agent for liver fibrosis. The toll type 4 (TLR4) receiver, a key model recognition receiver, initiates the innate immune response and leads to chronic and acute inflammation. In recent decades, the accumulation of evidence involved an inflammatory intervention mediated by the TLR4 in the regulation of the hypertrophic renovation of myocardium, indicating that the regulation of the TLR4 signaling path can be an effective strategy for the management of the physiopathology of Cardiac hypertrophy. Given the meaning of TLR4, it is imperative to examine the molecular mechanisms and roles underlying TLR4 signaling in cardiac hypertrophy. We examine here exhaustively the current knowledge of the TLR4 inflammatory response and its interaction ligands and co-receptors, as well as the activation of various intracellular signals.
Previous research revealed that the GUT microbioma has a marked impact on the insufficiency of the acute liver (ALF). Here we evaluated the impact of betaine on the intestinal microbiota composition in an ALF animal model. The potential protective effect of betaine also regulating the toll receptor responses (TLR4) has also been explored. The experiments of mouse and cells included normal, models and betaine groups. The small line of IEC-18 rat intestinal cells was used for in vitro experiments.
Betaine has improved small intestinal tissue and damage to IEC-18 model of the model group by reducing the high expression of TLR4 and MYD88. In addition, the intestinal permeability of the model group has been improved by improving the expression of tight junction proteins (ZO) -1 and occlusin. There were 509 operational taxonomic units (otus) that have been identified in faecal samples of the mouse, including 156 main microbiomas taxa.
Betaine significantly improved microbial communities, impoverishes the microbiota constituents of Gut Coriobacteriaceae, Lachnospirsae, Enterorhabdus and Coriobacterial and significantly enriched the taxa bacteroids, bacteria, parabaches and prevotella in the model group. Between effectively improved intestinal lesions in the ALF by inhibiting the TLR4 / MyD88 signaling path, improving the intestinal mucosa barrier and maintaining the intestinal microbiota composition.
Hepatic stellate cells specific liposomes with the Toll–likereceptor4 shRNA attenuates liver fibrosis
Acinar cell necrosis is one of the most important physiopathological changes in acute pancreatitis (AP). Asiaticoside (AS) is a Triterpene compound with confirmed activities of apoptosis and necrosis. However, the specific effects of as on AP have not been determined. In this study, we aimed at studying the protective effect of as on AP using two mouse models. In the cake-induced acute pancreatitis (map) model, we found that the administration reduces serum amylase levels and relieved the histopathological manifestations of pancreatic tissue in a dose-dependent manner. And toll receptor levels 4 (TLR4) and necrotic related proteins (RIP3 and P-MLKL) of pancreatic tissue have been reduced after administration. In addition, the TLR4 deficiency has eliminated the protective effect of as on AP induced by cotes in mice.
Correspondingly, we have elucidated the effect of as in vitro and found that, as protected against pancreatic acinar cells, necrosis and TAK-242 have neutralized this protective effect. Meanwhile, we found that, as improved the severity of the severity of pancreatic tissue and a pulmonary injury associated with pancreatitis in a pattern of acute pancreatitis severely induced by L-arginine. In addition, the molecular mooring results revealed an interaction between as and TLR4. Taken together, our data for the first time confirmed the protective effects of as on AP in mice via the TLR4 channel. The toll receiver 4 (TLR4) is an inflammatory receptor ubiquitously expressed in immune cells as well as skeletal muscles and other metabolic tissues.
Description: Interleukin 23 receptor is a type I cytokine receptor. IL23R is its human gene. The protein encoded by this gene is a subunit of the receptor for IL23A/IL23. This protein pairs with the receptor molecule IL12RB1/IL12Rbeta1, and both are required for IL23A signaling. This protein associates constitutively with Janus kinase 2 (JAK2), and also binds to transcription activator STAT3 in a ligand-dependent manner.
Description: This monoclonal antibody enables sensitive and specific detection of mouse IL-12/-23 (p40) in immunoassays such as ELISA and ELISpot. The antibody is specific for the p40 subunit of IL-12 and IL-23.
Description: This monoclonal antibody is recommended for neutralization of mouse IL-12/-23 (p40) bioactivity. The antibody is specific for the p40 subunit of IL-12 and IL-23.
Description: This monoclonal antibody enables sensitive and specific detection of mouse IL-12/-23 (p40) in immunoassays such as ELISA and ELISpot. The antibody is specific for the p40 subunit of IL-12 and IL-23.
Description: This monoclonal antibody enables sensitive and specific detection of mouse IL-12 (p70) in immunoassays such as ELISA and ELISpot. The antibody is specific for the p40 subunit of IL-12 and IL-23.
Description: Quantitativesandwich ELISA kit for measuring Mouse Interleukin 23, IL-23 in samples from serum, plasma, tissue homogenates. A new trial version of the kit, which allows you to test the kit in your application at a reasonable price.
Description: Quantitativesandwich ELISA kit for measuring Mouse Interleukin 23, IL-23 in samples from serum, plasma, tissue homogenates. Now available in a cost efficient pack of 5 plates of 96 wells each, conveniently packed along with the other reagents in 5 separate kits.
Description: IL-23 Antibody: Like interleukin-27 (IL-27), IL-23 is a recently discovered member of the IL-6/IL-12 family of proinflammatory and immunoregulatory cytokines. It exists as a heterodimer composed of the IL-12p40 subunit and a novel p19 subunit. IL-23 is secreted by activated dendritic cells, macrophages, and monocytes. Its biological activities include enhancing the proliferation of memory T cells and the production of IFN-gamma, IL-12, and TNF-α from activated T cells, and can stimulate macrophages to produce TNF-α and nitric oxide. It has also been shown to possess potent anti-tumor and anti-metastatic activity in mouse models of cancer, suggesting a potential role for IL-23 in therapeutic treatment of cancer.
Description: IL-23 Antibody: Like interleukin-27 (IL-27), IL-23 is a recently discovered member of the IL-6/IL-12 family of proinflammatory and immunoregulatory cytokines. It exists as a heterodimer composed of the IL-12p40 subunit and a novel p19 subunit. IL-23 is secreted by activated dendritic cells, macrophages, and monocytes. Its biological activities include enhancing the proliferation of memory T cells and the production of IFN-gamma, IL-12, and TNF-α from activated T cells, and can stimulate macrophages to produce TNF-α and nitric oxide. It has also been shown to possess potent anti-tumor and anti-metastatic activity in mouse models of cancer, suggesting a potential role for IL-23 in therapeutic treatment of cancer.
Description: IL-23 Antibody: Like interleukin-27 (IL-27), IL-23 is a recently discovered member of the IL-6/IL-12 family of proinflammatory and immunoregulatory cytokines. It exists as a heterodimer composed of the IL-12p40 subunit and a novel p19 subunit. IL-23 is secreted by activated dendritic cells, macrophages, and monocytes. Its biological activities include enhancing the proliferation of memory T cells and the production of IFN-gamma, IL-12, and TNF-α from activated T cells, and can stimulate macrophages to produce TNF-α and nitric oxide. It has also been shown to possess potent anti-tumor and anti-metastatic activity in mouse models of cancer, suggesting a potential role for IL-23 in therapeutic treatment of cancer.
Description: IL-23 Antibody: Like interleukin-27 (IL-27), IL-23 is a recently discovered member of the IL-6/IL-12 family of proinflammatory and immunoregulatory cytokines. It exists as a heterodimer composed of the IL-12p40 subunit and a novel p19 subunit. IL-23 is secreted by activated dendritic cells, macrophages, and monocytes. Its biological activities include enhancing the proliferation of memory T cells and the production of IFN-gamma, IL-12, and TNF-α from activated T cells, and can stimulate macrophages to produce TNF-α and nitric oxide. It has also been shown to possess potent anti-tumor and anti-metastatic activity in mouse models of cancer, suggesting a potential role for IL-23 in therapeutic treatment of cancer.
Description: This monoclonal antibody is recommended for neutralization of human IL-23 bioactivity. The antibody is specific for the p19 subunit of IL-23.
Description: This monoclonal antibody enables sensitive and specific detection of human IL-23 in immunoassays such as ELISA and ELISpot. The antibody is specific for the p19 subunit of IL-23.
Description: Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay kit for quantification of Mouse IL-23 in samples from serum, plasma, tissue homogenates and other biological fluids.
Description: Description of target: Interleukin-23 subunit alpha(IL-23) is a protein that in humans is encoded by the IL23A gene. IL-23 is a heterodimeric cytokine consisting of two subunits, one called p40, which is shared with another cytokine, IL-12, and another called p19 (the IL-23 alpha subunit). IL-23 is an important part of the inflammatory response against infection. It promotes upregulation of the matrix metalloprotease MMP9, increases angiogenesis and reduces CD8+ T-cell infiltration. Recently, IL-23 has been implicated in the development of cancerous tumors. The International Radiation Hybrid Mapping Consortium mapped the p19 gene to chromosome 12 (stSG47812).;Species reactivity: Mouse;Application: ELISA;Assay info: ;Sensitivity: < 2 pg/ml
Description: Quantitativesandwich ELISA kit for measuring Human Interleukin-23 receptor (IL-23R) in samples from serum, plasma, tissue homogenates, urine. A new trial version of the kit, which allows you to test the kit in your application at a reasonable price.
Description: Quantitativesandwich ELISA kit for measuring Human Interleukin-23 receptor (IL-23R) in samples from serum, plasma, tissue homogenates, urine. Now available in a cost efficient pack of 5 plates of 96 wells each, conveniently packed along with the other reagents in 5 separate kits.
Description: IL-23 is a proinflammatory heterodimeric protein composed of two subunits, a unique p19 subunit and a p40 subunit, which is shared with IL-12. IL-23 is secreted by activated dendritic cells and macrophages, and signals though a receptor comprised of IL-23R complexed with IL-12Rβ2. IL-23 has been shown to enhance proliferation of memory T cells. It also stimulates the production of IFN-gamma in NK cells, induces IL-17 production, and drives Th17 mediated responses. Recombinant IL-23 is a 53.5 kDa heterodimeric protein consisting of two subunits, p19 (170 amino acids) and p40 (306 amino acids).*Manufactured using BTI-Tn-5B1-4 cells under license from the Boyce Thompson Institute for Plant Research, Inc.
Description: IL-23 is a proinflammatory heterodimeric protein composed of two subunits, a unique p19 subunit and a p40 subunit, which is shared with IL-12. IL-23 is secreted by activated dendritic cells and macrophages, and signals though a receptor comprised of IL-23R complexed with IL-12Rβ2. IL-23 has been shown to enhance proliferation of memory T cells. It also stimulates the production of IFN-gamma in NK cells, induces IL-17 production, and drives Th17 mediated responses. Recombinant IL-23 is a 53.5 kDa heterodimeric protein consisting of two subunits, p19 (170 amino acids) and p40 (306 amino acids).*Manufactured using BTI-Tn-5B1-4 cells under license from the Boyce Thompson Institute for Plant Research, Inc.
Description: Interleukin 23 (IL-23) is a heterodimeric cytokine composed of two disulfide-linked subunits, a p19 subunit that is unique to IL-23, and a p40 subunit that is shared with IL-12. The p19 subunit has homology to the p35 subunit of IL-12, as well as to other single chain cytokines such as IL-6 and IL-11. The p40 subunit is homologous to the extracellular domains of the hematopoietic cytokine receptors. Although p19 is expressed by activated macrophages, dendritic cells, T cells, and endothelial cells, only activated macrophages and dendritic cells express p40 concurrently to produce IL-23. IL-23 has biological activities that are similar to, but distinct from IL-12. Both IL-12 and IL-23 induce proliferation and IFN-gamma production by human T cells. While IL-12 acts on both naive and memory human T cells, the effects of IL-23 is restricted to memory T cells.
Description: Interleukin-23 (IL-23) is a heterodimeric cytokine composed of two disulfide-linked subunits, a p19 subunit that is unique to IL-23, and a p40 subunit that is shared with IL-12 (1-5). Although p19 is expressed by activated macrophages, dendritic cells, T cells, and endothelial cells, only activated macrophages and dendritic cells express p40 concurrently to produce IL-23. The functional IL-23 receptor complex consists of two receptor subunits, the IL-12 receptor beta 1 subunit (IL-12 Rbeta1) and the IL-23-specific receptor subunit (IL-23 R). IL-23 has biological activities that are similar to, but distinct from IL-12. Both IL-12 and IL-23 induce proliferation and IFN-gamma production by human T cells. While IL-12 acts on both naie and memory human T cells, the effects of IL-23 is restricted to memory T cells. In mouse, IL-23 but not IL-12, has also been shown to induce memory T cells to secret IL-17, a potent proinflammatory cytokine. IL-12 and IL-23 can induce IL-12 production from mouse splenic DC of both the CD8-and CD8+ subtypes, however only IL-23 can act directly on CD8+ DC to mediate immunogenic presentation of poorly immunogenic tumor/self peptide.
Description: A polyclonal antibody raised in Rabbit that recognizes and binds to Human IL-23 . This antibody is tested and proven to work in the following applications:
Description: A polyclonal antibody raised in Rabbit that recognizes and binds to Human IL-23 . This antibody is tested and proven to work in the following applications:
Description: This monoclonal antibody is recommended for neutralization of human IL-12/-23 (p40) bioactivity. The antibody is specific for the p40 subunit of IL-12 and IL-23.
Description: These monoclonal antibodies are specific for the p40 subunit of IL-12 and IL-23. Combine with different detection antibodies for sensitive and specific detection of human IL-12 (p70), IL-12/-23 (p40) and IL-23.
Description: This monoclonal antibody enables sensitive and specific detection of human IL-12/-23 (p40) in immunoassays such as ELISA and ELISpot. The antibody is specific for the p40 subunit of IL-12 and IL-23.
Description: Quantitativesandwich ELISA kit for measuring Human Interleukin 23, IL-23 in samples from serum, plasma, tissue homogenates. A new trial version of the kit, which allows you to test the kit in your application at a reasonable price.
Description: Quantitativesandwich ELISA kit for measuring Human Interleukin 23, IL-23 in samples from serum, plasma, tissue homogenates. Now available in a cost efficient pack of 5 plates of 96 wells each, conveniently packed along with the other reagents in 5 separate kits.
Description: Quantitativesandwich ELISA kit for measuring Rat Interleukin 23, IL-23 in samples from serum, plasma, cell culture supernates, tissue homogenates. A new trial version of the kit, which allows you to test the kit in your application at a reasonable price.
Description: Quantitativesandwich ELISA kit for measuring Rat Interleukin 23, IL-23 in samples from serum, plasma, cell culture supernates, tissue homogenates. Now available in a cost efficient pack of 5 plates of 96 wells each, conveniently packed along with the other reagents in 5 separate kits.
Description: IL-23 Human Recombinant produced in HEK cells is a 55kDa heterodimeric protein composed of 2 disulfide-linked subunits - 19kDa (p19) and 43 kDa (p40).
Description: A sandwich ELISA kit for quantitative measurement of Human IL-23 (Interleukin 23) in samples from Serum, Plasma, Cell supernatant
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The skeletal muscle develops metabolic adaptations mediated by a favorable inflammation of training for the exercise. Several inflammatory myokines, downstream of TLR4, are offered links to the metabolic benefits of the exercise. In addition, the activation of the TLR4 modifies the preference of the skeletal muscle substrate. The role of the skeletal muscle TLR4 (MTLR4) in the metabolism of the exercise has not been examined before. In this document, we aimed to specifically test the importance of MTLR4 for metabolic adaptations induced by the exercise.
Parker
