Ibudilast, a Phosphodiesterase Inhibitor and Toll–LikeReceptor–4 Antagonist, Improves Hemorrhagic Shock and Reperfusion-Induced Left Ventricular Dysfunction by Reducing Myocardial Tumor Necrosis Factor α
Objective: rapid loss of blood volume causes ischemic injury in myocardial cells and impair heart function. subsequent reperfusion, although it was necessary to revitalize stunned tissue, can induce the production of reactive oxygen species and inflammation, causing further tissue damage and weaken the heart function. Ibudilast, a Toll-like receptor-4 (TLR4) antagonists and inhibitors of phosphodiesterase-4, has a capacity of antioxidant and anti-inflammatory. In this study, we aimed to investigate the protective efficacy of ibudilast to hemorrhagic shock and reperfusion (HSR) -induced myocardial injury and cardiac dysfunction.
Methods: The study was performed on male Sprague Dawley rats-in 3 groups: sham-operated, HSR with and without pretreatment ibudilast HSR. hemorrhagic shock induced by withdrawing blood from the femoral artery to the aortic pressure average dropped to about 40 mm Hg; reperfusion is done by filling the blood after 120 minutes of hemorrhagic shock, and observation continued for 240 minutes. Left ventricular (LV) contractility, diastolic suction capacity and ventricular stiffness was evaluated using simultaneous LV pressure, and volume recorded for the inferior vena cava narrowing while at the end of reperfusion. Ibudilast (10 mg / kg) was administered intraperitoneally 3 days and 20 minutes before the HSR. Serum creatine kinase myocardial band (CK-MB) is checked at the end of both HSR and serum CK-MB, myocardial expression of TLR4 protein and malondialdehyde (MDA) and tumor necrosis factor (TNF) -α level at the end of reperfusion.
Results: HSR-induced increase in serum CK-MB. subsequent reperfusion further increased serum CK-MB, myocardial upregulated TLR4 protein expression, and increased levels of tissue MDA and TNF-α vs. false (P <0.05). HSR is reduced LV contractility, prolonged LV relaxation time, and increased LV diastolic stiffness. Ibudilast pretreatment attenuated HSR-induced TLR4 protein expression, reduces MDA and TNF-α levels of myocardial, and protected against cardiac dysfunction.
Conclusion: Ibudilast pretreatment reduced myocardial expression of TLR4, decreased MDA and TNF-α levels, and protected against HSR-induced decrease in LV contractility, LV long relaxation time, and improve diastolic stiffness.
Ibudilast, a Phosphodiesterase Inhibitor and Toll–LikeReceptor–4 Antagonist, Improves Hemorrhagic Shock and Reperfusion-Induced Left Ventricular Dysfunction by Reducing Myocardial Tumor Necrosis Factor α
Anti-colonic inflammation by Black Raspberry via Settings Tol – like Receptor – 4 Signaling in Interleukin-10
Mice Knockout Ulcerative colitis (UC) is a chronic inflammatory disease of the colon, with the prevalence continues to rise in the West and newly industrialized countries. UC patients have cancer incidence as high as 10% after 20 years of disease. Despite the importance of fruits and vegetables in defense against UC beginning to be appreciated, the mechanisms remain largely unclear. In the current study, we report that the black raspberry food (BRBs) decreased inflammation of the colon mucosa and submucosa interleukin (IL) -10 knockout (KO) mice.
We then used the intestines, spleen, and the plasma from these mice to investigate whether BRBs exert their anti-inflammatory effects by correcting the regulated pulses like receptor (TLR) -4 signal to downregulate prostaglandin E2 (PGE2). Other studies have reported that the spleen is a reservoir of macrophages and macrophage depletion on IL-10 knockout mice prevented the development of IBD. Our results suggest that a decrease in the percentage BRBs macrophages in the spleen of IL-10 knockout mice.
Description: TLR2 Antibody: Toll-like receptors (TLRs) are signaling molecules that recognize different microbial products during infection and serve as an important link between the innate and adaptive immune responses. These proteins act through adaptor molecules such as MyD88 and TIRAP to activate various kinases and transcription factors such as Protein Kinase C (PKC) alpha/beta and NF-κB. TLR2 can form heterodimers with either TLR1 or TLR6, and as a heterodimer can recognize a variety of bacterial and mycoplasma lipoproteins respectively.
Description: TLR2 Antibody: Toll-like receptors (TLRs) are signaling molecules that recognize different microbial products during infection and serve as an important link between the innate and adaptive immune responses. These proteins act through adaptor molecules such as MyD88 and TIRAP to activate various kinases and transcription factors such as Protein Kinase C (PKC) alpha/beta and NF-κB. TLR2 can form heterodimers with either TLR1 or TLR6, and as a heterodimer can recognize a variety of bacterial and mycoplasma lipoproteins respectively.
Description: A polyclonal antibody against TLR2. Recognizes TLR2 from Human, Mouse. This antibody is Unconjugated. Tested in the following application: ELISA, WB, IHC;ELISA:1:1000-1:5000, WB:1:200-1:1000, IHC:1:50-1:200
Description: A polyclonal antibody against TLR2. Recognizes TLR2 from Human, Mouse, Rat. This antibody is Unconjugated. Tested in the following application: IHC, ELISA;IHC:1:200-500.ELISA:1/10000
Description: A polyclonal antibody against TLR2. Recognizes TLR2 from Human, Mouse. This antibody is Unconjugated. Tested in the following application: ELISA, IHC;ELISA:1:2000-1:5000, IHC:1:25-1:100
Description: A polyclonal antibody against TLR2. Recognizes TLR2 from Human, Mouse. This antibody is Unconjugated. Tested in the following application: ELISA, WB, IHC;ELISA:1:1000-1:5000, WB:1:200-1:1000, IHC:1:50-1:200
Description: A polyclonal antibody against TLR2. Recognizes TLR2 from Human, Mouse. This antibody is Unconjugated. Tested in the following application: ELISA, IHC;ELISA:1:2000-1:5000, IHC:1:25-1:100
Description: A polyclonal antibody raised in Rabbit that recognizes and binds to Human TLR2 . This antibody is tested and proven to work in the following applications:
Description: A polyclonal antibody raised in Rabbit that recognizes and binds to Human TLR2 . This antibody is tested and proven to work in the following applications:
Description: A polyclonal antibody for detection of TLR2 from Human, Mouse, Rat. This TLR2 antibody is for IHC-P. It is affinity-purified from rabbit antiserum by affinity-chromatography using epitope-specific immunogenand is unconjugated. The antibody is produced in rabbit by using as an immunogen recombinant protein
Description: A polyclonal antibody for detection of TLR2 from Human, Mouse, Rat. This TLR2 antibody is for IHC-P. It is affinity-purified from rabbit antiserum by affinity-chromatography using epitope-specific immunogenand is unconjugated. The antibody is produced in rabbit by using as an immunogen recombinant protein
Description: A polyclonal antibody for detection of TLR2 from Human, Mouse, Rat. This TLR2 antibody is for IHC-P. It is affinity-purified from rabbit antiserum by affinity-chromatography using epitope-specific immunogenand is unconjugated. The antibody is produced in rabbit by using as an immunogen recombinant protein
Description: The protein encoded by this gene is a member of the Toll-like receptor (TLR) family which plays a fundamental role in pathogen recognition and activation of innate immunity. TLRs are highly conserved from Drosophila to humans and share structural and functional similarities. This protein is a cell-surface protein that can form heterodimers with other TLR family members to recognize conserved molecules derived from microorganisms known as pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs). Activation of TLRs by PAMPs leads to an up-regulation of signaling pathways to modulate the host's inflammatory response. This gene is also thought to promote apoptosis in response to bacterial lipoproteins. This gene has been implicated in the pathogenesis of several autoimmune diseases. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants.
Description: The protein encoded by this gene is a member of the Toll-like receptor (TLR) family which plays a fundamental role in pathogen recognition and activation of innate immunity. TLRs are highly conserved from Drosophila to humans and share structural and functional similarities. This protein is a cell-surface protein that can form heterodimers with other TLR family members to recognize conserved molecules derived from microorganisms known as pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs). Activation of TLRs by PAMPs leads to an up-regulation of signaling pathways to modulate the host's inflammatory response. This gene is also thought to promote apoptosis in response to bacterial lipoproteins. This gene has been implicated in the pathogenesis of several autoimmune diseases. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants.
Description: The protein encoded by this gene is a member of the Toll-like receptor (TLR) family which plays a fundamental role in pathogen recognition and activation of innate immunity. TLRs are highly conserved from Drosophila to humans and share structural and functional similarities. This protein is a cell-surface protein that can form heterodimers with other TLR family members to recognize conserved molecules derived from microorganisms known as pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs). Activation of TLRs by PAMPs leads to an up-regulation of signaling pathways to modulate the host's inflammatory response. This gene is also thought to promote apoptosis in response to bacterial lipoproteins. This gene has been implicated in the pathogenesis of several autoimmune diseases. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants.
Description: The protein encoded by this gene is a member of the Toll-like receptor (TLR) family which plays a fundamental role in pathogen recognition and activation of innate immunity. TLRs are highly conserved from Drosophila to humans and share structural and functional similarities. This protein is a cell-surface protein that can form heterodimers with other TLR family members to recognize conserved molecules derived from microorganisms known as pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs). Activation of TLRs by PAMPs leads to an up-regulation of signaling pathways to modulate the host's inflammatory response. This gene is also thought to promote apoptosis in response to bacterial lipoproteins. This gene has been implicated in the pathogenesis of several autoimmune diseases. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants.
Description: The protein encoded by this gene is a member of the Toll-like receptor (TLR) family which plays a fundamental role in pathogen recognition and activation of innate immunity. TLRs are highly conserved from Drosophila to humans and share structural and functional similarities. This protein is a cell-surface protein that can form heterodimers with other TLR family members to recognize conserved molecules derived from microorganisms known as pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs). Activation of TLRs by PAMPs leads to an up-regulation of signaling pathways to modulate the host's inflammatory response. This gene is also thought to promote apoptosis in response to bacterial lipoproteins. This gene has been implicated in the pathogenesis of several autoimmune diseases. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants.
In addition, mechanically, diet BRB corrected dysregulation of TLR-4 signaling in the cells of the intestine and spleen, a decrease PGE2 and prostaglandin I2, and increased 15-lipoxygenase and products, acid 13-S-hydroxyoctadecadienoic, in plasma from IL-10 KO mice.
Parker
