High mobility box group 1 (HMGB1) are mediators famous end sepsis, secreted by some stimulation, involves pathways, such as the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) and nuclear factor kappa B (NF-kB) pathway, and reactive oxygen species (ROS) under inflammation. Sulfatide, by contrast, is a common sphingolipid found in myelin sheet with the disputed immunological role.
We sought to determine the immunological characteristics of sulfatide in the suburbs by analyzing the HMGB1 secretion induced by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) stimulation in Raw 264.7 cells. Emphasis HMGB1 secretion by inhibiting the translocation of cytosolic observed after pre-treatment with sulfatide before LPS stimulation. Further analysis of the pulse downstream molecules like receptor (TLR) signaling revealed suppression c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) phosphorylation and p65 translocation. LPS-mediated ROS production also decreased when sulfatide pre-treatment is given, due to the down-regulation of phosphorylation activators, such as IRAK4 and TBK1.
Investigation of the upstream mechanism that includes all the characteristics mentioned above inhibition launched involvement of lipid rafts. In addition to co-localization of sulfatide biotinylated and monosialotetrahexosylganglioside, decreased LPS-induced TLR4 and co-localization of lipid raft markers sulfatide observed when treatment is given before LPS stimulation. Overall, sulfatide found to exert anti-inflammatory properties by inhibiting TLR4 and co-localization of lipid rafts, negating the effect of LPS on TLR4 signaling. the same effect of sulfatide also confirmed in LPS-mediated murine model of experimental sepsis, showed a decrease in serum HMGB1 levels, increased survivability, and reduce the severity of the pathological.
Sulfatide Inhibits HMGB1 Secretion by Hindering Toll–LikeReceptor4 Localization Within Lipid Rafts
Tol – As Receptor 4 in the rat tail Tooth Pulp Medulla mediates inflammatory pain
The purpose of this study was to investigate whether the Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) is expressed in medullary dorsal horn (MDH) and if the application medullary antagonist TLR4 (lipopolysaccharide from Rhodobacter sphaeroides LPS-RS) could attenuate the changes in nociceptive sensorimotor response or expression of TLR4 that may be caused by mustard oil (MO) application to the maxillary first molar tooth pulp right. Of the 41 adult male Sprague-Dawley rats were used in this study, 23 received the application intrathecal of TLR4 antagonist LPS-RS (25 ug / 10 ml; group LPS-RS) or isotonic saline (10 ml; vehicle control group) 10 minutes prior to the application of the pulp from MO (95%; 0.2 ml).
Bilateral electromyography (EMG) activity of the anterior digastric and masseter muscles continuously recorded prior to and until 15 minutes after application MO for pulp. In this 6 23 mice and an additional 18 mice, the caudal medulla containing MDH ipsilateral and contralateral was removed after euthanasia for subsequent analysis Western blot expression of TLR4 in LPS-RS (n = 8) and vehicle (n = 8) group and a group of naive (n = 8). % Change from baseline in MO-evoked EMG activity in the anterior digastric muscle was significantly smaller in LPS-RS group than the control group (two-way ANOVA, post hoc Bonferroni, P <0.0001).
Description: A polyclonal antibody against TLR3. Recognizes TLR3 from Human. This antibody is Unconjugated. Tested in the following application: ELISA, IHC;ELISA:1:1000-1:5000, IHC:1:50-1:200
Description: A polyclonal antibody against TLR3. Recognizes TLR3 from Human, Mouse. This antibody is Unconjugated. Tested in the following application: ELISA, WB;ELISA:1:2000-1:5000, WB:1:500-1:2000
Description: A polyclonal antibody against TLR3. Recognizes TLR3 from Human, Mouse. This antibody is Unconjugated. Tested in the following application: ELISA, WB, IHC;ELISA:1:2000-1:5000, WB:1:500-1:2000, IHC:1:50-1:200
Description: A polyclonal antibody against TLR3. Recognizes TLR3 from Human. This antibody is Unconjugated. Tested in the following application: ELISA, IHC;ELISA:1:1000-1:5000, IHC:1:50-1:200
Description: A polyclonal antibody against TLR3. Recognizes TLR3 from Human, Mouse, Rat. This antibody is Unconjugated. Tested in the following application: ELISA, WB, IHC;WB:1:500-1:2000, IHC:1:50-1:200
Description: A polyclonal antibody against TLR3. Recognizes TLR3 from Human. This antibody is Unconjugated. Tested in the following application: ELISA, IHC, IF; Recommended dilution: IHC:1:20-1:200, IF:1:50-1:200
Description: TLR3 Antibody: Toll-like receptors (TLRs) are evolutionarily conserved pattern-recognition molecules resembling the toll proteins that mediate antimicrobial responses in Drosophila. These proteins recognize different microbial products during infection and serve as an important link between the innate and adaptive immune responses. The TLRs act through adaptor molecules such as MyD88 and TIRAP to activate various kinases and transcription factors so the organism can respond to potential infection. TLR3 is known to recognize viral double-stranded (ds) RNA, a molecular pattern associated with viral infection. Recently it has been shown to recognize viruses such as Influenza A and West Nile Virus and can mediate entry of at least West Nile Virus.
Description: TLR3 Antibody: Toll-like receptors (TLRs) are evolutionarily conserved pattern-recognition molecules resembling the toll proteins that mediate antimicrobial responses in Drosophila. These proteins recognize different microbial products during infection and serve as an important link between the innate and adaptive immune responses. The TLRs act through adaptor molecules such as MyD88 and TIRAP to activate various kinases and transcription factors so the organism can respond to potential infection. TLR3 is known to recognize viral double-stranded (ds) RNA, a molecular pattern associated with viral infection. Recently it has been shown to recognize viruses such as Influenza A and West Nile Virus and can mediate entry of at least West Nile Virus.
Description: TLR3 Antibody: Toll-like receptors (TLRs) are evolutionarily conserved pattern-recognition molecules resembling the toll proteins that mediate antimicrobial responses in Drosophila. These proteins recognize different microbial products during infection and serve as an important link between the innate and adaptive immune responses. The TLRs act through adaptor molecules such as MyD88 and TIRAP to activate various kinases and transcription factors so the organism can respond to potential infection. TLR3 is known to recognize viral double-stranded (ds) RNA, a molecular pattern associated with viral infection. Recently it has been shown to recognize viruses such as Influenza A and West Nile Virus and can mediate entry of at least West Nile Virus.
Description: TLR3 Antibody: Toll-like receptors (TLRs) are evolutionarily conserved pattern-recognition molecules resembling the toll proteins that mediate antimicrobial responses in Drosophila. These proteins recognize different microbial products during infection and serve as an important link between the innate and adaptive immune responses. The TLRs act through adaptor molecules such as MyD88 and TIRAP to activate various kinases and transcription factors so the organism can respond to potential infection. TLR3 is known to recognize viral double-stranded (ds) RNA, a molecular pattern associated with viral infection. Recently it has been shown to recognize viruses such as Influenza A and West Nile Virus and can mediate entry of at least West Nile Virus.
Description: A polyclonal antibody against TLR3. Recognizes TLR3 from Human, Mouse, Rat. This antibody is Unconjugated. Tested in the following application: ELISA, WB, IHC;WB:1:500-1:2000, IHC:1:50-1:200
Description: A polyclonal antibody raised in Rabbit that recognizes and binds to Human TLR3 . This antibody is tested and proven to work in the following applications:
Description: A polyclonal antibody raised in Rabbit that recognizes and binds to Human TLR3 . This antibody is tested and proven to work in the following applications:
Description: A polyclonal antibody raised in Rabbit that recognizes and binds to Human TLR3 . This antibody is tested and proven to work in the following applications:
Description: A polyclonal antibody raised in Rabbit that recognizes and binds to Human TLR3 . This antibody is tested and proven to work in the following applications:
Description: A polyclonal antibody raised in Rabbit that recognizes and binds to Human TLR3 . This antibody is tested and proven to work in the following applications:
Description: A polyclonal antibody raised in Rabbit that recognizes and binds to Human TLR3 . This antibody is tested and proven to work in the following applications:
Description: The protein encoded by this gene is a member of the Toll-like receptor (TLR) family which plays a fundamental role in pathogen recognition and activation of innate immunity. TLRs are highly conserved from Drosophila to humans and share structural and functional similarities. They recognize pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) that are expressed on infectious agents, and mediate the production of cytokines necessary for the development of effective immunity. The various TLRs exhibit different patterns of expression. This receptor is most abundantly expressed in placenta and pancreas, and is restricted to the dendritic subpopulation of the leukocytes. It recognizes dsRNA associated with viral infection, and induces the activation of NF-kappaB and the production of type I interferons. It may thus play a role in host defense against viruses. Use of alternative polyadenylation sites to generate different length transcripts has been noted for this gene.
Description: The protein encoded by this gene is a member of the Toll-like receptor (TLR) family which plays a fundamental role in pathogen recognition and activation of innate immunity. TLRs are highly conserved from Drosophila to humans and share structural and functional similarities. They recognize pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) that are expressed on infectious agents, and mediate the production of cytokines necessary for the development of effective immunity. The various TLRs exhibit different patterns of expression. This receptor is most abundantly expressed in placenta and pancreas, and is restricted to the dendritic subpopulation of the leukocytes. It recognizes dsRNA associated with viral infection, and induces the activation of NF-kappaB and the production of type I interferons. It may thus play a role in host defense against viruses. Use of alternative polyadenylation sites to generate different length transcripts has been noted for this gene.
Description: A polyclonal antibody against TLR3. Recognizes TLR3 from Human. This antibody is HRP conjugated. Tested in the following application: ELISA
Description: A polyclonal antibody against TLR3. Recognizes TLR3 from Human. This antibody is FITC conjugated. Tested in the following application: ELISA
Description: A polyclonal antibody against TLR3. Recognizes TLR3 from Human. This antibody is Biotin conjugated. Tested in the following application: ELISA
Description: A Monoclonal antibody against Human TLR3. The antibodies are raised in Mouse and are from clone 303CT19.9.2. This antibody is applicable in WB, E
Description: A polyclonal antibody raised in Rabbit that recognizes and binds to Human TLR3 (N-Terminus). This antibody is tested and proven to work in the following applications:
Description: A polyclonal antibody raised in Rabbit that recognizes and binds to Human TLR3 (C-Terminus). This antibody is tested and proven to work in the following applications:
Description: Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay kit for quantification of Human TLR3 in samples from serum, plasma, tissue homogenates and other biological fluids.
Description: Description of target: Toll-like receptor 3 (TLR3) also known as CD283 (cluster of differentiation 283) is a protein that in humans is encoded by the TLR3 gene. The TLR3 gene was mapped to chromosome 4q35 by fluorescence in situ hybridization. TLR3 specifically recognizes double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) and induces multiple intracellular events responsible for innate antiviral immunity against a number of viral infections.;Species reactivity: Human;Application: ELISA;Assay info: ;Sensitivity: < 10 pg/ml
Description: Description of target: The protein encoded by this gene is a member of the Toll-like receptor (TLR) family which plays a fundamental role in pathogen recognition and activation of innate immunity. TLRs are highly conserved from Drosophila to humans and share structural and functional similarities. They recognize pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) that are expressed on infectious agents, and mediate the production of cytokines necessary for the development of effective immunity. The various TLRs exhibit different patterns of expression. This receptor is most abundantly expressed in placenta and pancreas, and is restricted to the dendritic subpopulation of the leukocytes. It recognizes dsRNA associated with viral infection, and induces the activation of NF-kappaB and the production of type I interferons. It may thus play a role in host defense against viruses. Use of alternative polyadenylation sites to generate different length transcripts has been noted for this gene.;Species reactivity: Human;Application: ELISA;Assay info: Assay Methodology: Quantitative Sandwich ELISA;Sensitivity: 0.055 ng/mL
Description: Description of target: The protein encoded by this gene is a member of the Toll-like receptor (TLR) family which plays a fundamental role in pathogen recognition and activation of innate immunity. TLRs are highly conserved from Drosophila to humans and share structural and functional similarities. They recognize pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) that are expressed on infectious agents, and mediate the production of cytokines necessary for the development of effective immunity. The various TLRs exhibit different patterns of expression. This receptor is most abundantly expressed in placenta and pancreas, and is restricted to the dendritic subpopulation of the leukocytes. It recognizes dsRNA associated with viral infection, and induces the activation of NF-kappaB and the production of type I interferons. It may thus play a role in host defense against viruses. Use of alternative polyadenylation sites to generate different length transcripts has been noted for this gene.;Species reactivity: Human;Application: ELISA;Assay info: ;Sensitivity: < 0.055ng/mL
Description: Description of target: Key component of innate and adaptive immunity. TLRs (Toll-like receptors) control host immune response against pathogens through recognition of molecular patterns specific to microorganisms. TLR3 is a nucleotide-sensing TLR which is activated by double-stranded RNA, a sign of viral infection. Acts via the adapter TRIF/TICAM1, leading to NF-kappa-B activation, IRF3 nuclear translocation, cytokine secretion and the inflammatory response (By similarity).;Species reactivity: Mouse;Application: ELISA;Assay info: ;Sensitivity: < 0.058ng/mL
Description: Pre-made over-expression lentivirus for expressing human target: h TLR3 (toll-like receptor 3), [alternative names: CD283; IIAE2]. The sub-cloned codon sequence is identical (100% match) to CDS region in NCBI ID: NM_003265. It also contains a RFP-Blasticidin dual selection marker.
Description: Recombinant Rat Toll Like Receptor 3 expressed in: E.coli
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Western blot analysis revealed the same level of TLR4 expression in the medulla tail of naive, vehicle and LPS-RS groups. The new findings show that TLR4 signaling in the medulla mediate tail MO-induced acute inflammatory pain teeth in mice.
Parker
