Objective: To determine the effect of electroacupuncture (EA) on intestinal Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) and nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-kB) in obese mice, so as to explore the mechanism of action of acupuncture to lose weight.
Methods: A total of 50 male Wistar rats were randomly divided into control and model of the group. high-fat feed used to establish a mouse model of obesity, and after modeling, 24 rats were randomly divided into model group, TLR4 inhibitor group and EA group, with 8 rats in each group. Mice in group EA by EA at “Guanyuan” (CV4), “Zhongwan” (CV12), “Zusanli” (ST36), and “Fenglong” (ST40), 10 minutes each time, three times a week, and they were in a group of inhibitors TLR4 were given intraperitoneal injection of TAK-242 three times a week; course of treatment was 8 weeks for both groups. weight and the body’s blood sugar was measured every two weeks. Co-immunoprecipitation was used to observe the interaction between TLR4 and NF-kB p65 in colon tissue; electrophoretic mobility shift test is used to measure the activity of NF-kB p65; Western blot was used to measure the expression of TLR4 protein, phosphorylated nuclear factor of kappa light polypeptide gene enhancer in B-cells inhibitor alpha (p-IκBα), and NF-kB p65; Quantitative real-time PCR was used to measure mRNA expression of TLR4, NF-kB p65 and IκBα.
Results: Compared with the control group, the model group had significant increases in weight, blood glucose, and protein and mRNA expression of TLR4 and NF-kB p65 (P <0.01, P <0.05), as well as a significant increase in interaction between TLR4 and NF-kB p65 and NF-kB p65 activity (P <0.05, P <0.01). Compared with the model group, EA group had a significant reduction in body weight (P <0.05), both groups EA and TLR4 inhibitor group had a significant reduction in blood glucose, and protein and mRNA expression of TLR4, p-IκBα and NF -kB p65 (P <0.05, P <0.01), as well as a significant reduction in the activity of NF-kB p65 (P <0.01).
Conclusion: EA can effectively regulate TLR4 intestine, inhibits the interaction between TLR4 and NF-kB p65, and reduce the activity of NF-kB p65, which may be a potential mechanism of EA in reducing weight and blood glucose in obese mice.
[Effect of electroacupuncture on intestinal Toll–likereceptor4 and nuclear factor-kappa B in obese rats]
Sex-Differential Impact of Human Cytomegalovirus Infection in vitro reactivity to Tol -As Receptor 2 4 and 7/8 Infant Stimulation in Gambia
Human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) infection rates approaching 100% in the first year of life in low-income countries. It is not known whether the drive is turning into innate immunity early in life and thus altered immune reactivity against infection and vaccine. Given a full arsenal of sex differences in immunity, it is feasible that the immunological effects of HCMV will be different in men and women.
We analyzed ex vivo innate cytokine responses to a panel of pulses like receptor (TLR) ligand in 108 nine-month-old Gambia men and women to participate in vaccine trials. We found evidence that reactivity pressed HCMV TLR2 and TLR7 / 8 arousal in women but not men. This is likely to contribute to sex differences in response to infections and vaccines early in life and have implications for the development of TLR ligand as a vaccine adjuvant. HCMV effective vaccine development will be able to avoid some of the potentially negative effects of HCMV infection in childhood.
Description: The substance TKD Peptide (Hsp70 Peptide) is a hsp70 peptide. It is synthetically produced and has a purity of >98%. The pure substance is solid which is In aqueous solution.
Description: The substance TKD Peptide (Hsp70 Peptide): FITC is a hsp70 peptide. It is synthetically produced and has a purity of >98%. The pure substance is solid which is In aqueous solution.
Description: TLR4 Antibody: Toll-like receptors (TLRs) are signaling molecules that recognize different microbial products during infection and serve as an important link between the innate and adaptive immune responses. These proteins act through adaptor molecules such as MyD88 and TIRAP to activate various kinases and transcription factors such as Protein Kinase C (PKC) alpha/beta and NF-κB. Studies with TLR4-deficient mice indicate that the main ligand for TLR is lipopolysaccharide. Consequently, these mice also showed increased susceptibility to Gram-negative sepsis.
Description: TLR4 Antibody: Toll-like receptors (TLRs) are signaling molecules that recognize different microbial products during infection and serve as an important link between the innate and adaptive immune responses. These proteins act through adaptor molecules such as MyD88 and TIRAP to activate various kinases and transcription factors such as Protein Kinase C (PKC) alpha/beta and NF-κB. Studies with TLR4-deficient mice indicate that the main ligand for TLR is lipopolysaccharide. Consequently, these mice also showed increased susceptibility to Gram-negative sepsis.
Description: TLR4 Antibody: Toll-like receptors (TLRs) are signaling molecules that recognize different microbial products during infection and serve as an important link between the innate and adaptive immune responses. These proteins act through adaptor molecules such as MyD88 and TIRAP to activate various kinases and transcription factors such as Protein Kinase C (PKC) alpha/beta and NF-κB. Studies with TLR4-deficient mice indicate that the main ligand for TLR is lipopolysaccharide. Consequently, these mice also showed increased susceptibility to Gram-negative sepsis.
Description: TLR4 Antibody: Toll-like receptors (TLRs) are signaling molecules that recognize different microbial products during infection and serve as an important link between the innate and adaptive immune responses. These proteins act through adaptor molecules such as MyD88 and TIRAP to activate various kinases and transcription factors such as Protein Kinase C (PKC) alpha/beta and NF-κB. Studies with TLR4-deficient mice indicate that the main ligand for TLR is lipopolysaccharide. Consequently, these mice also showed increased susceptibility to Gram-negative sepsis.
Description: A polyclonal antibody against TLR4. Recognizes TLR4 from Human, Mouse, Rat. This antibody is Unconjugated. Tested in the following application: ELISA, IHC;ELISA:1:2000-1:5000, IHC:1:25-1:100
Description: A polyclonal antibody against TLR4. Recognizes TLR4 from Human, Mouse, Rat. This antibody is Unconjugated. Tested in the following application: IHC, ELISA;IHC:1:200-500.ELISA:1/10000
Description: A polyclonal antibody against TLR4. Recognizes TLR4 from Human, Mouse, Rat. This antibody is Unconjugated. Tested in the following application: ELISA, WB, IHC;ELISA:1:2000-1:5000, WB:1:500-1:2000, IHC:1:25-1:100
Description: A polyclonal antibody against TLR4. Recognizes TLR4 from Human, Mouse, Rat, Bovin. This antibody is Unconjugated. Tested in the following application: ELISA, WB
Description: A polyclonal antibody against TLR4. Recognizes TLR4 from Human. This antibody is Unconjugated. Tested in the following application: ELISA, IHC;ELISA:1:1000-1:5000, IHC:1:50-1:200
Description: A polyclonal antibody against TLR4. Recognizes TLR4 from Human. This antibody is Unconjugated. Tested in the following application: ELISA, IHC;ELISA:1:1000-1:5000, IHC:1:50-1:200
Description: A polyclonal antibody against TLR4. Recognizes TLR4 from Human, Mouse. This antibody is Unconjugated. Tested in the following application: WB, IHC, ELISA;WB:1/500-1/2000.IHC:1/100-1/300.ELISA:1/40000
Description: TLR4 is a member of the Toll-like receptor (TLR) family which plays a fundamental role in pathogen recognition and activation of innate immunity. TLRs are highly conserved from Drosophila to humans and share structural and functional similarities. They recognize pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) that are expressed on infectious agents, and mediate the production of cytokines necessary for the development of effective immunity. The various TLRs exhibit different patterns of expression. This receptor is most abundantly expressed in placenta, and in myelomonocytic subpopulation of the leukocytes. It has been implicated in signal transduction events induced by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) found in most gram-negative bacteria.
Description: TLR4 is a member of the Toll-like receptor (TLR) family which plays a fundamental role in pathogen recognition and activation of innate immunity. TLRs are highly conserved from Drosophila to humans and share structural and functional similarities. They recognize pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) that are expressed on infectious agents, and mediate the production of cytokines necessary for the development of effective immunity. The various TLRs exhibit different patterns of expression. This receptor is most abundantly expressed in placenta, and in myelomonocytic subpopulation of the leukocytes. It has been implicated in signal transduction events induced by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) found in most gram-negative bacteria.
Description: TLR4, a type I membrane protein that belongs to the Toll-like receptor family, cooperates with LY96 and CD14 to mediate the innate immune response to bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS). It acts via MyD88, TIRAP and TRAF6, leading to NF-kappa-B activation, cytokine secretion and the inflammatory response TLR4 Belongs to the lipopolysaccharide (LPS) receptor, a multi-protein complex containing at least CD14, LY96 and TLR. TLR4 binds to LY96 via the extracellular domain, and to MyD88 and TIRAP via their respective TIR domains. The protein contains 19 leucine-rich (LRR) repeats, and It is highly expressed in heart, spleen, lung and muscle. Lower levels are found in liver and kidney. Interstrain analyses reveal that TLR4 is a polymorphic protein and that the extracellular domain is far more variable than the cytoplasmic domain, which is variable at the C-terminal.
Description: TLR4, a type I membrane protein that belongs to the Toll-like receptor family, cooperates with LY96 and CD14 to mediate the innate immune response to bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS). It acts via MyD88, TIRAP and TRAF6, leading to NF-kappa-B activation, cytokine secretion and the inflammatory response TLR4 Belongs to the lipopolysaccharide (LPS) receptor, a multi-protein complex containing at least CD14, LY96 and TLR. TLR4 binds to LY96 via the extracellular domain, and to MyD88 and TIRAP via their respective TIR domains. The protein contains 19 leucine-rich (LRR) repeats, and It is highly expressed in heart, spleen, lung and muscle. Lower levels are found in liver and kidney. Interstrain analyses reveal that TLR4 is a polymorphic protein and that the extracellular domain is far more variable than the cytoplasmic domain, which is variable at the C-terminal.
Description: This mAb reacts with human Toll-like receptor 2 (TLR4). It is a member of the Toll-like receptor (TLR) family, which plays a fundamental role in pathogen recognition and activation of innate immunity. TLRs are highly conserved from Drosophila to humans and share structural and functional similarities. They recognize pathogen-associated molecular patterns that are expressed on infectious agents, and mediate the production of cytokines necessary for the development of effective immunity. The various TLRs exhibit different patterns of expression. This receptor has been implicated in signal transduction events induced by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) found in most gram-negative bacteria. Mutations in this gene have been associated with differences in LPS responsiveness. Multiple transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene.
Description: This mAb reacts with human Toll-like receptor 2 (TLR4). It is a member of the Toll-like receptor (TLR) family, which plays a fundamental role in pathogen recognition and activation of innate immunity. TLRs are highly conserved from Drosophila to humans and share structural and functional similarities. They recognize pathogen-associated molecular patterns that are expressed on infectious agents, and mediate the production of cytokines necessary for the development of effective immunity. The various TLRs exhibit different patterns of expression. This receptor has been implicated in signal transduction events induced by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) found in most gram-negative bacteria. Mutations in this gene have been associated with differences in LPS responsiveness. Multiple transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene.
Description: This mAb reacts with human Toll-like receptor 2 (TLR4). It is a member of the Toll-like receptor (TLR) family, which plays a fundamental role in pathogen recognition and activation of innate immunity. TLRs are highly conserved from Drosophila to humans and share structural and functional similarities. They recognize pathogen-associated molecular patterns that are expressed on infectious agents, and mediate the production of cytokines necessary for the development of effective immunity. The various TLRs exhibit different patterns of expression. This receptor has been implicated in signal transduction events induced by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) found in most gram-negative bacteria. Mutations in this gene have been associated with differences in LPS responsiveness. Multiple transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene.
Description: This MAb reacts with human Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4). It is a member of the Toll-like receptor (TLR) family, which plays a fundamental role in pathogen recognition and activation of innate immunity. TLRs are highly conserved from Drosophila to humans and share structural and functional similarities. They recognize pathogen-associated molecular patterns that are expressed on infectious agents, and mediate the production of cytokines necessary for the development of effective immunity. The various TLRs exhibit different patterns of expression. This receptor has been implicated in signal transduction events induced by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) found in most gram-negative bacteria. Mutations in this gene have been associated with differences in LPS responsiveness. Multiple transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene.
Description: This MAb reacts with human Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4). It is a member of the Toll-like receptor (TLR) family, which plays a fundamental role in pathogen recognition and activation of innate immunity. TLRs are highly conserved from Drosophila to humans and share structural and functional similarities. They recognize pathogen-associated molecular patterns that are expressed on infectious agents, and mediate the production of cytokines necessary for the development of effective immunity. The various TLRs exhibit different patterns of expression. This receptor has been implicated in signal transduction events induced by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) found in most gram-negative bacteria. Mutations in this gene have been associated with differences in LPS responsiveness. Multiple transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene.
Description: This MAb reacts with human Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4). It is a member of the Toll-like receptor (TLR) family, which plays a fundamental role in pathogen recognition and activation of innate immunity. TLRs are highly conserved from Drosophila to humans and share structural and functional similarities. They recognize pathogen-associated molecular patterns that are expressed on infectious agents, and mediate the production of cytokines necessary for the development of effective immunity. The various TLRs exhibit different patterns of expression. This receptor has been implicated in signal transduction events induced by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) found in most gram-negative bacteria. Mutations in this gene have been associated with differences in LPS responsiveness. Multiple transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene.
BACKGROUND To study the role of long chain of noncoding RNA (lncRNA) associated metastasis-lung adenocarcinoma transcript 1 (MALAT1), microRNA-503 (miR-503), Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) axis signaling in the pathogenesis of pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) ,
Parker![[Effect of electroacupuncture on intestinal Toll-like receptor 4 and nuclear factor-kappa B in obese rats]](https://tlr-4.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/08/photo_2020-08-10_13-22-31-2.jpg)
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