Objective: Helicobacter pylori is one of the most common human pathogens worldwide. However, the outcome of H. pylori infection is a real variable from mild asymptomatic lesions to malignant transformation. Many factors influence the outcome of infection is recommended for this, including the host immune and genetic susceptibility. Toll-like receptor (TLR) can recognize different microbial component and plays an important role in the mucosal immune response to H. pylori infection.
Materials and methods: The relationship between common single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the gene TLR2, 4, 9 and 10 and H. pylori associated gastric diseases investigated by molecular methods after confirmation of H. pylori infection. The study involved 210 patients in three groups; Chronic gastritis (n = 90), peptic ulcer disease (PUD) (n = 75) and gastric carcinoma (n = 45).
Results: The results showed a significant association between TLR4 SNP (rs 4.98679 million and rs 4986791) and the presence of H. pylori infection, particularly in patients with chronic gastritis group. Furthermore, TLR9-rs352140 TT genotype is more common among patients with chronic gastritis group. TLR10-rs 10,004,195 TT genotype was found to be less prevalent among H. pylori-associated chronic gastritis and PUD and is thought to have a protective effect. TLR2 SNP (rs3804099 and rs3804100) showed no statistically significant differences between patients with H. pylori-infected and control.
Conclusion: TLR gene polymorphisms may play a role in the susceptibility of H. pylori infection and can affect its outcome; However, factors other ethnic and can modify this effect.
Association of toll-like receptors 2, 4, 9 and 10 genes polymorphisms and Helicobacter pylori-related gastric diseases in Saudi patients
Mitoxantrone, pixantrone and mitoxantrone (2-hydroxyethyl) piperazine is toll – like receptor 4 antagonist, inhibits NF activation kB, and reduce the secretion of TNF-alpha in primary microglia
Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) recognizes various endogenous ligands and microbes and is an important part of the innate immune system. TLR4 signaling the initiation of the transcription factor NF-kB and the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines. TLR4 contributes to the development or progression of various diseases including stroke, neuropathic pain, multiple sclerosis, rheumatoid arthritis and cancer, and better treatment was sought for this condition. In this study, the library 140 000 compounds were almost filtered and the resulting hit-list of 1000 compounds was tested using cellular reporter systems.
The topoisomerase II inhibitor mitoxantrone and analog pixantrone and mitoxantrone (2-hydroxyethyl) piperazine is identified as an inhibitor of TLR4 and NF-kB activation. Mitoxantrone was shown to bind directly to TLR4, and pixantrone and mitoxantrone (2-hydroxyethyl) piperazine was shown to inhibit the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines such as TNF alpha (TNF) in primary microglia. The inhibitory effect on the activation of NF-kB or TNF production is not mediated through cytotoxity in ≤ 1 pM concentration, as assessed by the amount of ATP to mitoxantrone, pixantrone and mitoxantrone (2-hydroxyethyl) piperazine was treated cells. This study thus identifies a new mechanism of action for the mitoxantrone, pixantrone and mitoxantrone (2-hydroxyethyl) piperazine through TLR4.
Description: TLR2 Antibody: Toll-like receptors (TLRs) are signaling molecules that recognize different microbial products during infection and serve as an important link between the innate and adaptive immune responses. These proteins act through adaptor molecules such as MyD88 and TIRAP to activate various kinases and transcription factors such as Protein Kinase C (PKC) alpha/beta and NF-κB. TLR2 can form heterodimers with either TLR1 or TLR6, and as a heterodimer can recognize a variety of bacterial and mycoplasma lipoproteins respectively.
Description: TLR2 Antibody: Toll-like receptors (TLRs) are signaling molecules that recognize different microbial products during infection and serve as an important link between the innate and adaptive immune responses. These proteins act through adaptor molecules such as MyD88 and TIRAP to activate various kinases and transcription factors such as Protein Kinase C (PKC) alpha/beta and NF-κB. TLR2 can form heterodimers with either TLR1 or TLR6, and as a heterodimer can recognize a variety of bacterial and mycoplasma lipoproteins respectively.
Description: A polyclonal antibody against TLR2. Recognizes TLR2 from Human, Mouse. This antibody is Unconjugated. Tested in the following application: ELISA, IHC;ELISA:1:2000-1:5000, IHC:1:25-1:100
Description: A polyclonal antibody against TLR2. Recognizes TLR2 from Human, Mouse. This antibody is Unconjugated. Tested in the following application: ELISA, IHC;ELISA:1:2000-1:5000, IHC:1:25-1:100
Description: A polyclonal antibody against TLR2. Recognizes TLR2 from Human, Mouse, Rat. This antibody is Unconjugated. Tested in the following application: IHC, ELISA;IHC:1:200-500.ELISA:1/10000
Description: A polyclonal antibody against TLR2. Recognizes TLR2 from Human, Mouse. This antibody is Unconjugated. Tested in the following application: ELISA, WB, IHC;ELISA:1:1000-1:5000, WB:1:200-1:1000, IHC:1:50-1:200
Description: A polyclonal antibody against TLR2. Recognizes TLR2 from Human, Mouse. This antibody is Unconjugated. Tested in the following application: ELISA, WB, IHC;ELISA:1:1000-1:5000, WB:1:200-1:1000, IHC:1:50-1:200
Description: TLR2 cooperates with LY96 to mediate the innate immune response to bacterial lipoproteins and other microbial cell wall components. Cooperates with TLR1 or TLR6 to mediate the innate immune response to bacterial lipoproteins or lipopeptides. Acts via MYD88 and TRAF6, leading to NF-kappa-B activation, cytokine secretion and the inflammatory response. May also promote apoptosis in response to lipoproteins. Recognizes mycoplasmal macrophage-activating lipopeptide-2kD (MALP-2), soluble tuberculosis factor (STF), phenol-soluble modulin (PSM) and B.burgdorferi outer surface protein A lipoprotein (OspA-L) cooperatively with TLR6. [UniProt]
Description: TLR2 cooperates with LY96 to mediate the innate immune response to bacterial lipoproteins and other microbial cell wall components. Cooperates with TLR1 or TLR6 to mediate the innate immune response to bacterial lipoproteins or lipopeptides. Acts via MYD88 and TRAF6, leading to NF-kappa-B activation, cytokine secretion and the inflammatory response. May also promote apoptosis in response to lipoproteins. Recognizes mycoplasmal macrophage-activating lipopeptide-2kD (MALP-2), soluble tuberculosis factor (STF), phenol-soluble modulin (PSM) and B.burgdorferi outer surface protein A lipoprotein (OspA-L) cooperatively with TLR6. [UniProt]
Description: TLR2 is a member of the Toll-like receptor (TLR) family which plays a fundamental role in pathogen recognition and activation of innate immunity. TLRs are highly conserved from Drosophila to humans and share structural and functional similarities. They recognize pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) that are expressed on infectious agents, and mediate the production of cytokines necessary for the development of effective immunity. The various TLRs exhibit different patterns of expression. TLR2 is expressed most abundantly in peripheral blood leukocytes, and mediates host response to Gram-positive bacteria and yeast via stimulation of NF-kappaB.
Description: TLR2 is a member of the Toll-like receptor (TLR) family which plays a fundamental role in pathogen recognition and activation of innate immunity. TLRs are highly conserved from Drosophila to humans and share structural and functional similarities. They recognize pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) that are expressed on infectious agents, and mediate the production of cytokines necessary for the development of effective immunity. The various TLRs exhibit different patterns of expression. TLR2 is expressed most abundantly in peripheral blood leukocytes, and mediates host response to Gram-positive bacteria and yeast via stimulation of NF-kappaB.
Description: Toll-like receptor 2, also known as TLR-2, is a protein that in humans is encoded by the TLR2 gene. It has also been designated as CD282 (cluster of differentiation 282). TLR-2 plays a role in the immune system. And TLR-2 is a membrane protein, a receptor, which is expressed on the surface of certain cells and recognizes foreign substances and passes on appropriate signals to the cells of the immune system. TLR2 expresses as 4- and 4.4-kb mRNAs in heart, brain, and muscle.
Description: Toll-like Receptor 2 is a member of the Toll-like receptor (TLR) family which plays a fundamental role in pathogen recognition and activation of innate immunity. TLRs are highly conserved from Drosophila to humans and share structural and functional similarities. This protein is a cell-surface protein that can form heterodimers with other TLR family members to recognize conserved molecules derived from microorganisms known as pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs). Activation of TLRs by PAMPs leads to an up-regulation of signaling pathways to modulate the host's inflammatory response. This gene is also thought to promote apoptosis in response to bacterial lipoproteins. This gene has been implicated in the pathogenesis of several autoimmune diseases. [RefSeq]
Description: This mAb reacts with human Toll-like receptor 2 (TLR2). It is a member of the Toll-like receptor (TLR) family, which plays a fundamental role in pathogen recognition and activation of innate immunity. TLRs are highly conserved from Drosophila to humans and share structural and functional similarities. They recognize pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) that are expressed on infectious agents, and mediate the production of cytokines necessary for the development of effective immunity. The various TLRs exhibit different patterns of expression. This gene is expressed most abundantly in peripheral blood leukocytes, and mediates host response to Gram-positive bacteria and yeast via stimulation of NF-kappaB.
Description: This mAb reacts with human Toll-like receptor 2 (TLR2). It is a member of the Toll-like receptor (TLR) family, which plays a fundamental role in pathogen recognition and activation of innate immunity. TLRs are highly conserved from Drosophila to humans and share structural and functional similarities. They recognize pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) that are expressed on infectious agents, and mediate the production of cytokines necessary for the development of effective immunity. The various TLRs exhibit different patterns of expression. This gene is expressed most abundantly in peripheral blood leukocytes, and mediates host response to Gram-positive bacteria and yeast via stimulation of NF-kappaB.
Description: This mAb reacts with human Toll-like receptor 2 (TLR2). It is a member of the Toll-like receptor (TLR) family, which plays a fundamental role in pathogen recognition and activation of innate immunity. TLRs are highly conserved from Drosophila to humans and share structural and functional similarities. They recognize pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) that are expressed on infectious agents, and mediate the production of cytokines necessary for the development of effective immunity. The various TLRs exhibit different patterns of expression. This gene is expressed most abundantly in peripheral blood leukocytes, and mediates host response to Gram-positive bacteria and yeast via stimulation of NF-kappaB.
Description: This MAb reacts with human Toll-like receptor 2 (TLR2). It is a member of the Toll-like receptor (TLR) family, which plays a fundamental role in pathogen recognition and activation of innate immunity. TLRs are highly conserved from Drosophila to humans and share structural and functional similarities. They recognize pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) that are expressed on infectious agents, and mediate the production of cytokines necessary for the development of effective immunity. The various TLRs exhibit different patterns of expression. This gene is expressed most abundantly in peripheral blood leukocytes, and mediates host response to Gram-positive bacteria and yeast via stimulation of NF-kappaB.
Description: This MAb reacts with human Toll-like receptor 2 (TLR2). It is a member of the Toll-like receptor (TLR) family, which plays a fundamental role in pathogen recognition and activation of innate immunity. TLRs are highly conserved from Drosophila to humans and share structural and functional similarities. They recognize pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) that are expressed on infectious agents, and mediate the production of cytokines necessary for the development of effective immunity. The various TLRs exhibit different patterns of expression. This gene is expressed most abundantly in peripheral blood leukocytes, and mediates host response to Gram-positive bacteria and yeast via stimulation of NF-kappaB.
Description: This MAb reacts with human Toll-like receptor 2 (TLR2). It is a member of the Toll-like receptor (TLR) family, which plays a fundamental role in pathogen recognition and activation of innate immunity. TLRs are highly conserved from Drosophila to humans and share structural and functional similarities. They recognize pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) that are expressed on infectious agents, and mediate the production of cytokines necessary for the development of effective immunity. The various TLRs exhibit different patterns of expression. This gene is expressed most abundantly in peripheral blood leukocytes, and mediates host response to Gram-positive bacteria and yeast via stimulation of NF-kappaB.
Description: This MAb reacts with human Toll-like receptor 2 (TLR2). It is a member of the Toll-like receptor (TLR) family, which plays a fundamental role in pathogen recognition and activation of innate immunity. TLRs are highly conserved from Drosophila to humans and share structural and functional similarities. They recognize pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) that are expressed on infectious agents, and mediate the production of cytokines necessary for the development of effective immunity. The various TLRs exhibit different patterns of expression. This gene is expressed most abundantly in peripheral blood leukocytes, and mediates host response to Gram-positive bacteria and yeast via stimulation of NF-kappaB.
Description: This MAb reacts with human Toll-like receptor 2 (TLR2). It is a member of the Toll-like receptor (TLR) family, which plays a fundamental role in pathogen recognition and activation of innate immunity. TLRs are highly conserved from Drosophila to humans and share structural and functional similarities. They recognize pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) that are expressed on infectious agents, and mediate the production of cytokines necessary for the development of effective immunity. The various TLRs exhibit different patterns of expression. This gene is expressed most abundantly in peripheral blood leukocytes, and mediates host response to Gram-positive bacteria and yeast via stimulation of NF-kappaB.
Description: This MAb reacts with human Toll-like receptor 2 (TLR2). It is a member of the Toll-like receptor (TLR) family, which plays a fundamental role in pathogen recognition and activation of innate immunity. TLRs are highly conserved from Drosophila to humans and share structural and functional similarities. They recognize pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) that are expressed on infectious agents, and mediate the production of cytokines necessary for the development of effective immunity. The various TLRs exhibit different patterns of expression. This gene is expressed most abundantly in peripheral blood leukocytes, and mediates host response to Gram-positive bacteria and yeast via stimulation of NF-kappaB.
Description: A polyclonal antibody raised in Rabbit that recognizes and binds to Human TLR2 . This antibody is tested and proven to work in the following applications:
Description: A polyclonal antibody raised in Rabbit that recognizes and binds to Human TLR2 . This antibody is tested and proven to work in the following applications:
Description: A polyclonal antibody for detection of TLR2 from Human, Mouse, Rat. This TLR2 antibody is for IHC-P. It is affinity-purified from rabbit antiserum by affinity-chromatography using epitope-specific immunogenand is unconjugated. The antibody is produced in rabbit by using as an immunogen recombinant protein
Description: A polyclonal antibody for detection of TLR2 from Human, Mouse, Rat. This TLR2 antibody is for IHC-P. It is affinity-purified from rabbit antiserum by affinity-chromatography using epitope-specific immunogenand is unconjugated. The antibody is produced in rabbit by using as an immunogen recombinant protein
Description: A polyclonal antibody for detection of TLR2 from Human, Mouse, Rat. This TLR2 antibody is for IHC-P. It is affinity-purified from rabbit antiserum by affinity-chromatography using epitope-specific immunogenand is unconjugated. The antibody is produced in rabbit by using as an immunogen recombinant protein
Description: A polyclonal antibody against TLR2. Recognizes TLR2 from Human. This antibody is HRP conjugated. Tested in the following application: ELISA
Description: A polyclonal antibody against TLR2. Recognizes TLR2 from Human. This antibody is FITC conjugated. Tested in the following application: ELISA
Description: A polyclonal antibody against TLR2. Recognizes TLR2 from Human. This antibody is Biotin conjugated. Tested in the following application: ELISA
Description: A polyclonal antibody raised in Rabbit that recognizes and binds to Human TLR2 (N-term). This antibody is tested and proven to work in the following applications:
Description: A Monoclonal antibody against Human Tlr2. The antibodies are raised in Mouse and are from clone 7G5F4. This antibody is applicable in WB and IHC, FC, ICC, E
Description: A polyclonal antibody raised in Rabbit that recognizes and binds to Human TLR2 (N-Terminus). This antibody is tested and proven to work in the following applications:
Description: A Monoclonal antibody against Human Tlr2. The antibodies are raised in Mouse and are from clone 8F11G10. This antibody is applicable in WB and IHC, FC, ICC, E
Description: A polyclonal antibody raised in Rabbit that recognizes and binds to Human Mouse TLR2 (C-term). This antibody is tested and proven to work in the following applications:
Description: The protein encoded by this gene is a member of the Toll-like receptor (TLR) family which plays a fundamental role in pathogen recognition and activation of innate immunity. TLRs are highly conserved from Drosophila to humans and share structural and functional similarities. This protein is a cell-surface protein that can form heterodimers with other TLR family members to recognize conserved molecules derived from microorganisms known as pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs). Activation of TLRs by PAMPs leads to an up-regulation of signaling pathways to modulate the host's inflammatory response. This gene is also thought to promote apoptosis in response to bacterial lipoproteins. This gene has been implicated in the pathogenesis of several autoimmune diseases. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants.
Description: The protein encoded by this gene is a member of the Toll-like receptor (TLR) family which plays a fundamental role in pathogen recognition and activation of innate immunity. TLRs are highly conserved from Drosophila to humans and share structural and functional similarities. This protein is a cell-surface protein that can form heterodimers with other TLR family members to recognize conserved molecules derived from microorganisms known as pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs). Activation of TLRs by PAMPs leads to an up-regulation of signaling pathways to modulate the host's inflammatory response. This gene is also thought to promote apoptosis in response to bacterial lipoproteins. This gene has been implicated in the pathogenesis of several autoimmune diseases. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants.
Description: The protein encoded by this gene is a member of the Toll-like receptor (TLR) family which plays a fundamental role in pathogen recognition and activation of innate immunity. TLRs are highly conserved from Drosophila to humans and share structural and functional similarities. This protein is a cell-surface protein that can form heterodimers with other TLR family members to recognize conserved molecules derived from microorganisms known as pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs). Activation of TLRs by PAMPs leads to an up-regulation of signaling pathways to modulate the host's inflammatory response. This gene is also thought to promote apoptosis in response to bacterial lipoproteins. This gene has been implicated in the pathogenesis of several autoimmune diseases. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants.
Description: Goat polyclonal antibody to TLR2. It is a 84 kDa type I transmembrane glycoprotein and a member of TLR family. It contains many leucine-rich repeat sequences and the intracellular Toll Interleukin Receptor Domain. TLR2 forms heterodimer with TLR1 and TLR6. It is expressed in peripheral blood leukocytes, and highly expressed in monocytes in bone marrow, lymph nodes, and spleen. It is also detectable in other tissues. This protein recognizes molecular patterns of bacteria, fungi, protozoan pathogens and stimulates pro-inflammatory cytokines as part of innate immunity.
Description: A Monoclonal antibody against Human TLR2 (Clone BV31-9). The antibodies are raised in Mouse and are from clone BV31-9. This antibody is applicable in WB
Toll Like Receptor 2 (TLR2) Polyclonal Antibody (Rat), APC
Description: A Rabbit polyclonal antibody against Mouse Toll Like Receptor 2 (TLR2). This antibody is labeled with PE.
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However, most of the evidence is still ambiguous for cell-specific observations, with many studies fail to provide epithelial difference on the expression of TLR4 immune cells, preventing the specific mechanistic insight and greatly impacted the translation of results. The following provides an overview of critical reviews the current understanding of site-specific TLR4 activity and contributing to the homeostasis of the gut / immune and inflammatory diseases.
Parker
